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2023-03-31

Yield farming or DeFi interest

Earnings from yield farming or lending crypto in DeFi platforms are taxed as income at the time they are received. However, depositing into and withdrawing from a liquidity pool may be treated as a disposal, which is a capital gains event.

  • Example: Earning £500 in interest from a DeFi platform is subject to Income Tax.

Payments for goods or services

Receiving cryptocurrency as payment for goods or services is treated as income at its market value when received. There are instances where the “value” of the work will be taxed instead of the value of the crypto received. Professional advice should be taken if you are unsure.

  • Example: If you're paid 0.2 BTC for freelance work worth £6,000, this amount is subject to Income Tax.

Receiving airdrops

If you actively participate to receive an airdrop (e.g., completing tasks), the tokens are treated as income at their market value upon receipt.

  • Example: Earning £100 in tokens from an airdrop after completing tasks is subject to Income Tax.

Mining rewards

Mining rewards are taxed as income. Those undertaking mining activities to an extent to which they are operating a business will be subject to additional tax obligations.

  • Example: Earning 0.5 BTC through mining worth £10,000 at the time of receipt is subject to Income Tax.

Staking rewards

Cryptocurrency earned through staking is considered income at the market value at the time of receipt.

  • Example: If you earn 0.1 ETH through staking worth £200, this amount is subject to Income Tax.

Providing liquidity

Adding liquidity: If adding assets to a liquidity pool results in a change of ownership or creates a new token (e.g., LP tokens), it may be considered a taxable disposal, with CGT applying to any gains. The answer to this can usually be found within the terms and conditions of the protocol.

Removing liquidity: Removing assets from a liquidity pool may also be a disposal, potentially triggering CGT based on the gain or loss relative to the cost basis.

Liquidity pool rewards are generally treated as taxable income upon receipt, subject to Income Tax.

Selling airdropped tokens

Selling tokens received through an airdrop is a taxable disposal.

Tokens received without any action (eg, unsolicited distributions) are not taxed as income upon receipt. Instead, they are subject to Capital Gains Tax (CGT) when sold, with the cost basis typically being zero or the fair market value at the time of receipt if explicitly stated by HMRC.

Tokens earned through performing tasks (eg, completing activities) are taxed as income at the market value in GBP upon receipt. When sold, the gain or loss is subject to CGT, calculated using the market value at receipt as the cost basis.

  • Example: You perform a series of tasks to qualify for an airdrop. You then sell that airdropped token for £500 and it has a cost basis of £200. The £200 cost basis would have been subject to income tax in the tax year in which it was received and the £300 gain is subject to CGT in the tax year in which the token is sold.

Selling NFTs

Disposing of NFTs is treated similarly to crypto disposals, with gains subject to CGT.

  • Example: If you bought an NFT for £1,000 and sold it for £3,000, the £2,000 profit is taxable.

Gifting cryptocurrency (excluding spouse or civil partner)

Gifting crypto to someone triggers CGT based on the market value at the time of the gift. Gifting to registered charities or your spouse or civil partner does not trigger a taxable event. Here, we have often seen individuals gifting tokens to others but keeping them in their own wallet. If this is the case, it is very important to document the gift. Consider speaking to a tax advisor if you are uncertain of your position.

  • Example: Giving 1 ETH to a friend worth £2,000 incurs CGT on any gains above its cost basis.

Using crypto to purchase goods or services

Spending cryptocurrency on goods or services is considered a disposal.

  • Example: Paying 0.5 BTC for a laptop is a taxable event. If the BTC had a cost basis of £5,000 but was worth £10,000 at the time of the transaction, the £5,000 gain is subject to CGT.

Crypto-to-crypto trades (swaps)

Exchanging one cryptocurrency for another (e.g., BTC for ETH) is treated as a disposal for tax purposes.

  • Example: Swapping BTC worth £5,000 for ETH creates a taxable event, with any profit based on the cost basis of your Bitcoin. The value of the BTC when swapping will be the proceeds and will also become the cost of the ETH that has been obtained.

Selling crypto for GBP

Any profit made when you sell crypto for fiat currency (e.g., GBP) is a taxable event.

  • Example: If you bought BTC for £10,000 and sold it for £15,000, you have a taxable gain of £5,000.

How Investing vs Trading impacts tax

In most cases of buying and selling cryptocurrency as a retail investor, you are participating in investing rather than trading. The two are treated differently for tax purposes.

  • Investing is subject to capital gains tax or income tax, depending on the nature of the transaction.
  • Trading in this case refers to self-employment which is subject to income tax and National Insurance Contributions.

The key difference between investing and trading – along with the different tax treatments, is how losses generated in the crypto-activity can be used.

In their guidance, HMRC have explicitly stated that they would expect it to be exceedingly rare that any crypto-activity constituting buying & selling crypto would be classified as “trading”.

If you are uncertain, speak to a tax advisor as there are always exceptions, including but not limited to, developing tokens and large scale mining.

How is crypto tax calculated in the United States?

You can be liable for both capital gains and income tax depending on the type of cryptocurrency transaction, and your individual circumstances. For example, you might need to pay capital gains on profits from buying and selling cryptocurrency, or pay income tax on interest earned when holding crypto.

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blog
31
 
Mar
 
2023
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10
min read

A Guide To Furucombo

Furucombo helps traders new to the DeFi space get the opportunities available without having to understand the complex protocols. This guide to Furucombo helps beginners through the process and provides details as to what you can do with the platform. It also covers the little understood tax implications of using Furucombo.

Key takeaways
This tax guide is regularly updated: Last Update  
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Introduction

Furucombo is one of the more unique projects in the DeFi space and much needed for anyone looking to take advantage of the space without the complex technical knowledge often required to use more than one protocol at a time.

Created in 2020, the premise was a simple one. With all the new DeFi protocols popping up it was impossible to keep up, Furucombo helps users integrate multiple DeFi apps into one transaction without having any coding knowledge.

The simple drag and drop app lets you transfer your funds in multi-step transactions automatically and easily.

Why is it such a good idea?

Each protocol in the DeFi space is solving a unique problem, the problem for users is that the platforms don’t integrate well. Transferring funds between a lending platform and an exchange can take multiple steps, if you want to buy various tokens you have to do so individually. The beauty of Furucombo is that it opens up endless possibilities of transaction combinations between protocols.

While DeFi is busy solving problems in the financial industry Furucombo is thinking about how to make the process easier for non-crypto experts. Reading whitepapers, understanding smart contracts and writing code to execute automated transactions is really hard for someone new to the space or someone who doesn’t have a professional background in software development.

The drag and drop aspect of the app lets you build transactions like you would lego, stacking one on top of the other until you end up with your money where you want it to be or the profit you wanted.

As with most things in the crypto world, there is a risk to using Furucombo, the app was developed less than 6 months ago and they make it very clear that the app is in beta. So far there have been no reported cases of transactions not behaving like they should but use at your own risk.

What can I do with Furucombo?

At the moment there are 11 protocols supported with at least one being added every fortnight. Currently, the app supports:

  • Yearn

  • Mooniswap

  • Uniswap V2 and V1

  • Aave

  • Maker

  • Curve

  • 1inch

  • Compound

  • Kyberswap

  • Oasis

  • Balancer

The options for interactions between protocols are too many to list but there are 4 essential actions you can take across apps:

  • deposit/ withdraw funds

  • add/ remove liquidity

  • borrow/ repay funds

  • trade/ swap

Furucombo has a few of the top transactions listed on their homepage that you can try for yourself. For example, you can transfer your debt between protocols to get a lower interest rate by using a flash loan, swap ETH for a basket of tokens in the one transaction using Uniswap and Kyber, swap holdings between vaults to get the higher APY.

The main advantage of transactions like this is that all the steps are rolled up into one with only one action on your part, you don’t have to withdraw aTokens, exchange them for ETH on Uniswap, change the ETH for cTokens and then loan them out. This would take some time and mental effort to calculate each step.

The most interesting and most profitable transactions are those involving borrowing protocols to increase your leverage and trading apps to make a profit.

There are two types here, the first is increasing your long or short exposure in a specific currency such as ETH. This would work by getting an ETH flash loan from Aave, depositing it to Maker to get DAI in return, and then swapping it on Uniswap back to ETH.

However by far the most talked-about transaction has been the arbitrage trade automated my Furucombo, at this stage you still have to figure out when the trade will be profitable but the execution can be automated. The great thing is that you don’t need to understand how the individual transactions work just if your balance will increase after the whole transaction flow after you account for fees. You can take advantage of cross-exchange/ platform arbitrage and cross-currency arbitrage opportunities.

Tax Implications

This is definitely one of the trickier aspects of not just Furucombo but the DeFi space as a whole. Only a few governments have posted crypto specific tax information and with DeFi being so new the best we can do is offer general interpretations as to how the laws could be perceived based on crypto rules and general tax guidelines. The good news is that using Furucombo specifically doesn’t have any extra tax rules, as the app connects directly to your wallet but the transactions themselves have tax implications.

Here are some general tax rules to keep in mind that can be applied to Furucombo combinations:

  • Any crypto to crypto trade triggers a tax event, the sale of one crypto triggers a tax event for that coin while the purchase of a new coin forms the cost basis for future trades in that coin

  • Transferring the same coin between platforms shouldn’t trigger a tax event as you are in control of the funds the whole time

  • Coins that are airdropped to you or earned from staking is generally considered income and not capital gains

  • Borrowing crypto is not a tax event as it isn’t income or capital gains

  • Borrowing funds to make a trade could be considered income and not capital gains as you are technically making a margin trade. This includes transactions involving flash loans.

News

Furucombo is moving at a rapid pace and is posting news at least once a fortnight. They have been integrating new DeFi protocols weekly but the main news comes from an update posted on September 22nd. With the main goal to demystify the DeFi world for beginners they have launched an explore page where users can explore individual combos used in the past, they can see the APY generated and easily load the transactions so you can do it yourself.

Resources

https://furucombo.app/ https://twitter.com/furucombo https://t.me/furucombo https://medium.com/furucombo https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCa1kGD4lvTSrmfKbDjQNOxQ

The information provided on this website is general in nature and is not tax, accounting or legal advice. It has been prepared without taking into account your objectives, financial situation or needs. Before acting on this information, you should consider the appropriateness of the information having regard to your own objectives, financial situation and needs and seek professional advice. Summ (formerly Crypto Tax Calculator) disclaims all and any guarantees, undertakings and warranties, expressed or implied, and is not liable for any loss or damage whatsoever (including human or computer error, negligent or otherwise, or incidental or Consequential Loss or damage) arising out of, or in connection with, any use or reliance on the information or advice in this website. The user must accept sole responsibility associated with the use of the material on this site, irrespective of the purpose for which such use or results are applied. The information in this website is no substitute for specialist advice.

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