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2026-05-22

How Investing vs Trading impacts tax

In most cases of buying and selling cryptocurrency as a retail investor, you are participating in investing rather than trading. The two are treated differently for tax purposes.

  • Investing is subject to capital gains tax or income tax, depending on the nature of the transaction.
  • Trading in this case refers to self-employment which is subject to income tax and National Insurance Contributions.

The key difference between investing and trading – along with the different tax treatments, is how losses generated in the crypto-activity can be used.

In their guidance, HMRC have explicitly stated that they would expect it to be exceedingly rare that any crypto-activity constituting buying & selling crypto would be classified as “trading”.

If you are uncertain, speak to a tax advisor as there are always exceptions, including but not limited to, developing tokens and large scale mining.

How is crypto tax calculated in the United States?

You can be liable for both capital gains and income tax depending on the type of cryptocurrency transaction, and your individual circumstances. For example, you might need to pay capital gains on profits from buying and selling cryptocurrency, or pay income tax on interest earned when holding crypto.

CoinLedger

CoinLedger is an accessible crypto tax platform with over 1,000 exchange and wallet integrations.

Best for: Users who want a simple, straightforward experience without complex DeFi needs.

Key differentiator: Offers an unlimited transaction plan for high-volume traders at a fixed price.

Pricing: $49 (100 transactions) to $499+ (10,000+ transactions).

Limitation: Does not generate Schedule D forms - you will need to complete this manually or with other software.

Notable: Strong NFT support with OpenSea integration.

CoinTracker

CoinTracker is a portfolio tracker and tax calculator supporting over 30,000 cryptocurrencies.

Best for: Users who prioritize portfolio tracking alongside tax reporting.

Key differentiator: Direct integrations with TurboTax and H&R Block Desktop.

Pricing: $59 (100 transactions) to $599 (10,000 transactions), with full-service options up to $3,499.

Limitation: Customer support is limited on lower-tier plans - priority support requires the $599 Ultra plan.

Notable: Good security with end-to-end encryption and SOC 2 compliance.

ZenLedger

ZenLedger offers both DIY crypto tax reports and professional full-service accounting.

Best for: Users who want tax loss harvesting included at every pricing tier.

Key differentiator: Tax loss harvesting is available on all plans, not just premium tiers.

Pricing: $49 (100 transactions) to $399 (15,000 transactions).

Limitation: Only offers 400+ exchange integrations - significantly fewer than competitors. Some users report customer support issues with long wait times.

Notable: TurboTax integration and 14-day refund policy.

blog
May 22
,
 
2026
 - 
10
min read

Why NZ’s Over 45s Favour Bitcoin While Younger Traders Flock to Stablecoins & Emerging Assets

As the leading home of crypto in Aotearoa, Swyftx holds a unique vantage point on the trading sentiment and trends emerging across the motu.

Key takeaways

This tax guide is regularly updated: Last Update  

As the leading home of crypto in Aotearoa, Swyftx holds a unique vantage point on the trading sentiment and trends emerging across the motu.

Our NZ trading summary over the 12 months leading up to May 2026 shows one thing is certain: Kiwis are largely in a risk-off mood, but the way they trade varies by age.

While trading volumes have been relatively strong, the strategy has shifted. People are no longer just buying and holding forever; they are actively locking in profits and moving their money around – a behavioural shift that naturally impacts their local taxable income.

Key Takeaways:

  • The Legacy Lead: Bitcoin still commands the lion's share of interest, particularly among older, potentially higher-net-worth demographics.
  • A Risk-Off Period: The significant net sell volume in major assets (BTC, ETH, SOL) and high volume in stablecoins (USDC/USDT) suggests that many NZ traders were taking profits or moving their capital to the sidelines over the last year.
  • Demographic Divide: The 25-44 age group is the engine of Solana and Stablecoin volume, while the 45+ group remains rooted in Bitcoin and Ethereum.
  • Accumulation Pockets: Despite the broader market sell-off, specific projects like SUI and XLM are being actively accumulated by New Zealand traders.

Bitcoin is Still Dominant, but the Exit Volume is Strong

Bitcoin (BTC) remains the undisputed heavyweight in the New Zealand market, clocking more than double the total trade volume of its closest competitor, Solana.

However, the Bitcoin volume was heavily weighted toward selling, marking one of the first sustained periods of selling for the asset according to our data. Other large-cap assets like SOL, ETH, and XRP faced a similar trend, where sell volumes consistently outweighed buy volumes during this period.

In contrast, lower-cap assets like SUI and XLM showed more balanced or buy-dominant behaviour.

The Demographic Divide: Blue Chips vs. Alts

The data reveals a fascinating split in how different generations of Kiwis approach the market:

  • The 45+ age group: This group remains the primary anchor for Bitcoin and Ethereum (ETH), representing the "legacy" investors of the NZ market.
  • The 25-44 age group: Younger demographics drove the majority of volume in Solana (SOL) and Stablecoins (USDC/USDT).

More Alternatives to Local Stability: While current data shows high volume in USD-pegged stables, Kiwi traders now have a local alternative. Swyftx offers support for NZDD, a 1:1 NZD-pegged stablecoin. Utilizing NZDD allows investors to bypass potential forex volatility by keeping dry powder in New Zealand Dollars.

The Accumulation Outliers: Buy Trend on Emerging Assets

While the broader market was busy selling major assets, a few specific projects bucked the trend. SUI, XLM, and HBAR all saw positive net inflows over the last year.

This suggests that local investors are becoming highly strategic. While some traders focused on rebalancing existing portfolios, other buyers were quietly building positions in next-gen networks.

These three ecosystems are known for speed, low fees, and utility like enterprise tech, AI infrastructure, and global payments. Instead of exiting the market, a portion of Kiwis simply rotated capital from mature assets into high-growth ecosystems, betting on where the next wave of adoption will happen.

Why This Matters for Your Tax Return

If you locked in profits on major assets, or frequently rotated capital into stablecoins and next-gen networks, you’ve likely triggered quite a few taxable events. Under NZ law, every single crypto-to-crypto swap or cash-out requires a gain or loss calculation.

With the new CARF reporting framework live for the 2026 tax year, the IRD has full visibility into these local transactions. This surge in active trading means many Kiwis are sitting on complex transaction histories that need to be carefully sorted out.

Streamlining Your Tax Reporting

Fortunately, you don't have to tackle the tracking manually. While you can use Swyftx to execute your crypto market strategy and access deep liquidity, Summ provides the dedicated portfolio and NZ tax engine to make sense of it all.

Instead of dealing with messy spreadsheets, Summ automatically syncs with your Swyftx history, categorizes your ecosystem rotations, and generates IRD-ready reports in minutes.

Swyftx users can track their portfolio for free and get 30% off their first Summ tax report in the first year.

The information provided on this website is general in nature and is not tax, accounting or legal advice. It has been prepared without taking into account your objectives, financial situation or needs. Before acting on this information, you should consider the appropriateness of the information having regard to your own objectives, financial situation and needs and seek professional advice. Summ (formerly Crypto Tax Calculator) disclaims all and any guarantees, undertakings and warranties, expressed or implied, and is not liable for any loss or damage whatsoever (including human or computer error, negligent or otherwise, or incidental or Consequential Loss or damage) arising out of, or in connection with, any use or reliance on the information or advice in this website. The user must accept sole responsibility associated with the use of the material on this site, irrespective of the purpose for which such use or results are applied. The information in this website is no substitute for specialist advice.

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Blog

22 May 2026

X

 Min read

Why NZ’s Over 45s Favour Bitcoin While Younger Traders Flock to Stablecoins & Emerging Assets

As the leading home of crypto in Aotearoa, Swyftx holds a unique vantage point on the trading sentiment and trends emerging across the motu.

Swyftx

Key takeaways

This tax guide is regularly updated: Last Update 

....

May

22

2026

As the leading home of crypto in Aotearoa, Swyftx holds a unique vantage point on the trading sentiment and trends emerging across the motu.

Our NZ trading summary over the 12 months leading up to May 2026 shows one thing is certain: Kiwis are largely in a risk-off mood, but the way they trade varies by age.

While trading volumes have been relatively strong, the strategy has shifted. People are no longer just buying and holding forever; they are actively locking in profits and moving their money around – a behavioural shift that naturally impacts their local taxable income.

Key Takeaways:

  • The Legacy Lead: Bitcoin still commands the lion's share of interest, particularly among older, potentially higher-net-worth demographics.
  • A Risk-Off Period: The significant net sell volume in major assets (BTC, ETH, SOL) and high volume in stablecoins (USDC/USDT) suggests that many NZ traders were taking profits or moving their capital to the sidelines over the last year.
  • Demographic Divide: The 25-44 age group is the engine of Solana and Stablecoin volume, while the 45+ group remains rooted in Bitcoin and Ethereum.
  • Accumulation Pockets: Despite the broader market sell-off, specific projects like SUI and XLM are being actively accumulated by New Zealand traders.

Bitcoin is Still Dominant, but the Exit Volume is Strong

Bitcoin (BTC) remains the undisputed heavyweight in the New Zealand market, clocking more than double the total trade volume of its closest competitor, Solana.

However, the Bitcoin volume was heavily weighted toward selling, marking one of the first sustained periods of selling for the asset according to our data. Other large-cap assets like SOL, ETH, and XRP faced a similar trend, where sell volumes consistently outweighed buy volumes during this period.

In contrast, lower-cap assets like SUI and XLM showed more balanced or buy-dominant behaviour.

The Demographic Divide: Blue Chips vs. Alts

The data reveals a fascinating split in how different generations of Kiwis approach the market:

  • The 45+ age group: This group remains the primary anchor for Bitcoin and Ethereum (ETH), representing the "legacy" investors of the NZ market.
  • The 25-44 age group: Younger demographics drove the majority of volume in Solana (SOL) and Stablecoins (USDC/USDT).

More Alternatives to Local Stability: While current data shows high volume in USD-pegged stables, Kiwi traders now have a local alternative. Swyftx offers support for NZDD, a 1:1 NZD-pegged stablecoin. Utilizing NZDD allows investors to bypass potential forex volatility by keeping dry powder in New Zealand Dollars.

The Accumulation Outliers: Buy Trend on Emerging Assets

While the broader market was busy selling major assets, a few specific projects bucked the trend. SUI, XLM, and HBAR all saw positive net inflows over the last year.

This suggests that local investors are becoming highly strategic. While some traders focused on rebalancing existing portfolios, other buyers were quietly building positions in next-gen networks.

These three ecosystems are known for speed, low fees, and utility like enterprise tech, AI infrastructure, and global payments. Instead of exiting the market, a portion of Kiwis simply rotated capital from mature assets into high-growth ecosystems, betting on where the next wave of adoption will happen.

Why This Matters for Your Tax Return

If you locked in profits on major assets, or frequently rotated capital into stablecoins and next-gen networks, you’ve likely triggered quite a few taxable events. Under NZ law, every single crypto-to-crypto swap or cash-out requires a gain or loss calculation.

With the new CARF reporting framework live for the 2026 tax year, the IRD has full visibility into these local transactions. This surge in active trading means many Kiwis are sitting on complex transaction histories that need to be carefully sorted out.

Streamlining Your Tax Reporting

Fortunately, you don't have to tackle the tracking manually. While you can use Swyftx to execute your crypto market strategy and access deep liquidity, Summ provides the dedicated portfolio and NZ tax engine to make sense of it all.

Instead of dealing with messy spreadsheets, Summ automatically syncs with your Swyftx history, categorizes your ecosystem rotations, and generates IRD-ready reports in minutes.

Swyftx users can track their portfolio for free and get 30% off their first Summ tax report in the first year.

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Frequently asked questions

How is crypto tax calculated in New Zealand?
I lost money trading cryptocurrency. Do I still pay tax?

The way cryptocurrencies are taxed in most countries mean that investors might still need to pay tax, regardless of whether they made an overall profit or loss. Depending on your circumstances, taxes are usually realized at the time of the transaction, and not on the overall position at the end of the financial year.

How do I calculate tax on crypto-to-crypto transactions?

In most countries you are required to record the value of the cryptocurrency in your local currency at the time of the transaction. This can be extremely time consuming to do by hand, since most exchange records do not have a reference price point, and records between exchanges are not easily compatible.

How can Summ help with crypto taxes?

You just need to import your transaction history and Summ (formerly Crypto Tax Calculator) will help you categorize your transactions and calculate realized profit and income. You can then generate the appropriate reports to send to your accountant and keep detailed records handy for audit purposes.

Can't I just get my accountant to do this for me?

We always recommend you work with your accountant to review your records. If you would like your accountant to help reconcile transactions, you can invite them to the product and collaborate within the Summ web app. We also have a complete accountant suite aimed at accountants.

Does Summ handle non-exchange activity?

Summ (formerly Crypto Tax Calculator) handles all non-exchange activity, such as onchain transactions like Airdrops, Staking, Mining, ICOs, and other DeFi activity. No matter what activity you have done in crypto, we have you covered with our easy to use categorization feature, similar to Expensify.

Do I have to pay for historical tax reports?

Our subscription pricing is per year not tax year, so with an annual subscription you can calculate your crypto taxes as far back as 2013. The process is the same, just upload your transaction history from these years and we can handle the rest.

Can I use my own accountant?

Yes, Summ is designed to generate accountant-friendly tax reports. You simply import all your transaction history and export your report. This means you can get your books up to date yourself, allowing you to save significant time, and reduce the bill charged by your accountant. You can discuss tax scenarios with your accountant, and have them review the report.

How does payment work?

Summ has an annual subscription which covers all previous tax years. If you need to amend your tax return for previous years you will be covered under the one payment.

What if my exchange is not on the list of supported exchanges?

Summ covers thousands of exchanges, wallets, and blockchains, and DeFi apps, but if you do not see your exchange on the supported list we are more than happy to work with you to get it supported. Just reach out to [email protected] or via the in-app chat support feature and we will get you sorted.

Does Summ support NFT transactions?

We do! Summ integrates with many NFT marketplaces and offers categorization options for any NFT-related activity (minting, buying, selling, trading).

How does the free trial work?

Summ is free to use immediately upon signup, allowing you to import your transactions and take advantage of our smart suggestion and auto-categorization engine, portfolio tracking, DeFi and NFT support. For access to reports, the tax loss harvest tool or chat and priority support, you will need to upgrade to the appropriate paid plan.

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